The warp threads are the vertical threads; the weft, those that run over and under the warp threads. Tying a knot means that the weaver must maneuver the knot thread around the warp threads. The number of weft yarns between rows of knots can vary. Each knot is formed by passing the ends of several strands of yarn around two warp yarns in a specific pattern and drawing the ends tight. The word "knot" is really a misnomer, as actually no knots are tied in the process.
After tying a row of knots, the weaver then runs across the warp threads one, two, or three rows of weft threads. The weaver must also push the weft threads down against the knot row so that the knots are firmly packed together. The number of weft yarns between rows of knots can vary. The number of weft yarns is usually between one and four. The color of warp and weft, along with other structural details, can help to identify rugs from particular regions. The loose weft ends at the lengthwise ends of the carpet become the fringe.
The two most commonly used knots are called symmetrical knot and asymmetrical knot. The choice of using symmetrical or asymmetrical knots directly affects the look of the carpet and the type of design a weaver can produce. Asymmetrical knots allow for intricate designs that involve curving lines and fine details.
The two most typical types of knots used in Oriental carpets are called Turkish (sometimes called a Ghiordes knot), and Persian (sometimes called a Senneh knot).The knots create the design. As such, they can be an array of colors. The choice of color depends on the role a knot plays in the overall design. It is believed that weavers often used tl'lims (weaving instructions that specified the color, order, and number of knots) for Mughal carpets because of the complexity of the patterns.
Silk warp and weft threads form the grid for pashmina carpets, and the number of knots per square inch can reach as high as 2,000. Field patterns and border patterns in all handmade Oriental pile carpets rely upon repeated sequences of knots.
As the final step, the ends of the knot threads are cut so that all are the same length, giving the carpet an even surface. Because the pile -- the two sections of each knot that remain - are so tightly pushed together, the weft and warp are no longer visible. Only after years of wear on the knot threads can anyone see the turns of these threads around the warp and weft threads.
The next time you observe an old carpet, check for areas with shorter pile. These sections are usually lighter in color. What you are seeing are the warp and weft grid in areas where constant wear has worn down the pile.
Interested in rugs and carpets? Learn more about Berber rugs and carpets at rugsandcarpets.gogoodpages.com
Tags: home, accessories, rugs, carpets, oriental carpets